Description
Nitrogen (N2) is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas that makes up 78.09% (by volume) of the air we breathe. It is nonflammable and it will not support combustion. Nitrogen gas is slightly lighter than air and slightly soluble in water Nitrogen condenses at its boiling point, -195.8o C (-320.4o F), to a colorless liquid that is lighter than water. Gaseous nitrogen is valued for inertness. It is used to shield potentially reactive materials from contact with oxygen. Liquid nitrogen is valued for coldness as well as inertness. When liquid nitrogen is vaporized and warmed to ambient temperature, it absorbs a large quantity of heat. The combination of inertness and its intensely cold initial state makes liquid nitrogen an ideal coolant for certain applications such as food freezing. Liquid nitrogen is also used to cool materials which are heat sensitive or normally soft to allow machining or fracturing. Examples: Used tires, plastics, certain metals and even pharmaceuticals. Liquid nitrogen is also used in some MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) devices to pre-cool the low temperature magnets prior to using much more expensive liquid helium for final cooling. Liquid nitrogen is used in cryo-surgery to destroy diseased tissue.